Proportion of home care clients with some difficulty in the communication scale (problems understanding others or making themselves understood) at baseline who experience an improvement (lower score on the communication scale). Incidence indicator,

Number of home care clients with some difficulty in the communication scale (problems understanding others or making themselves understood) at baseline who experience an improvement (lower score on the communication scale). Incidence indicator,

All home care clients with some difficulty in communication impairment at baseline and both baseline and target assessment (at 6 months).

Adjusted for: dementia (both Alzheimer's and non), clinical risk, sadness, Cognitive Performance Scale score, ADL hierarchy scale score, age over 80 years.

IADL capacity scale.

Data using the RAI-HC by specially trained assessors, usually nurses, who verify collected information that included direct interviews of home care clients and family members, as well as review of physician reports medical records.

Reporting in publication level for 7 countries: Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands for HC recipients.

Foebel AD, van Hout HP, van der Roest HG, et al. Quality of care in European home care programs using the second generation interRAI Home Care Quality Indicators (HCQIs). BMC Geriatr 2015;15:148.